本书列入和Springer合作出版的《非线性物理科学》系列。

本书属于生物学、神经生理学、非线性科学、生命科学的交叉学科。

本书是首本对可变重力条件下神经元生理学研究的进行完整概述的著作，描述了神经系统与地球引力的相互作用。为提供基本的科学和技术背景，本书还介绍了神经系统的结构和重力研究平台。 并描述了化学模型系统与重力交互作用和模拟，展示了从单个分子到整个人脑与重力的交互的一系列的结论。

Self-organizationand Pattern-formation in Neuronal Systems Under Conditions ofVariable Gravity Life Sciences Under Space Conditions describes theinteraction of gravity with neuronal systems. To deliver the basicscientific and technological background, the s.tructures ofneuronal systems are described and platforms for gravity researchare presented. The book is rounded off by information about theinteraction of chemical model systems with gravity and somesimulations, and results about the interaction of gravity withneuronal systems from single molecules to the entire human brainare demonstrated. This is the first book to give a plete overviewabout neurophysiological research under conditions of variablegravity.

The book is intended for scientists in the field of space research,neurophysiology,and those who are interested in the control ofnon-linear systems by small external forces.

Front Matter
Chapter 1 Introduction
  1.1 Historical remarks
   1.1.1 Gravitational research
  1.2 Excitable media and their control by small external forces
  1.3 Waves and oscillations in biological systems
  1.4 Book layout
  References
Chapter 2 Gravity
  2.1 Physical remarks
  2.2 Perception of gravity by living systems
  References
Chapter 3 Basic Structure of Neuronal Systems
  References
Chapter 4 Platforms for Gravitational Research
  4.1 Microgravity platforms
   4.1.1 Short term platforms
   4.1.2 Long term platforms
   4.1.3 Magnetic levitation
  4.2 Removing orientation
   4.2.1 Clinostats
   4.2.2 Random positioning machine
  4.3 Macro-gravity platforms
   4.3.1 Centrifuge
  References
Chapter 5 A Model Systems for Gravity Research:
  The Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction
  5.1 Setup for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky experiments
  5.2 Preparation of gels for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction
  5.3 Data evaluation
  References
Chapter 6 Interaction of Gravity with Molecules and Membranes
  6.1 Bilayer experiments
   6.1.1 Hardware for the Microba mission
   6.1.2 Hardware for the drop-tower
   6.1.3 Hardware for parabolic flights
   6.1.4 Hardware for laboratory centrifuge
   6.1.5 Experimental results
  6.2 Patch-clamp experiments
   6.2.1 Principles of patch-clamp experiments
   6.2.2 Hardware for the drop-tower
   6.2.3 First hardware for parabolic flights
   6.2.4 For the drop-tower
   6.2.5 First parabolic flight experiment
   6.2.6 Second hardware for parabolic flights
   6.2.7 Second parabolic flight experiment
   6.2.8 First results and future perspectives
  References
Chapter 7 Behavior of Action Potentials Under Variable Gravity Conditions
  7.1 Introductory remarks
  7.2 Materials and methods
  7.3 Isolated leech neuron experiments
  7.4 Earthworm and nerve fiber experiments (rats and worms)
  7.5 Discussion
  References
Chapter 8 Fluorescence and Light Scatter Experiments to Investigate Cell Properties at Microgravity
  8.1 Fluorescence measurements to determine calcium influx and membrane potential changes
   8.1.1 Intracellular calcium concentration experiments
   8.1.2 Membrane potential experiments
  8.2 Light scatter experiments to determine changes in cell size
   8.2.1 Static light scatter
   8.2.2 Dynamic light scatter
  References
Chapter 9 Spreading Depression: A Self-organized Excitation Depression Wave in Different Gravity Conditions
  9.1 The retinal spreading depression
  9.2 Gravity platforms used for retinal spreading depression experiments
   9.2.1 Methods
   9.2.2 Experiment setup and protocol for spreading depression experiments in parabolic flights
   9.2.3 Experiment setup and protocol for spreading depression experiments on TEXUS sounding rocket
   9.2.4 Setup and protocol for spreading depression experiments in the centrifuge
   9.2.5 Data analysis
  9.3 Results
   9.3.1 Spreading depression experiments in parabolic flights and in the centrifuge
   9.3.2 Spreading depression experiments on sounding rockets and in the centrifuge
   9.3.3 Determination of latency of spreading depression waves in the centrifuge
   9.3.4 Summary of all spreading depression experiments on different gravity platforms
  9.4 Discussion
   9.4.1 Comment on different gravity platforms
  References
Chapter 10 The Brain Itself in Zero-g
  10.1 Methods
   10.1.1 Slow cortical potentials (SCP)
   10.1.2 Classical frequency bands in EEG
   10.1.3 Peripheral psycho physiological parameters
   10.1.4 Protocol and data analysis
   10.1.5 Subjects
   10.1.6 Ethic
  10.2 Results
   10.2.1 Slow Cortical Potentials (SCP)
   10.2.2 Frequency band EEG
   10.2.3 Peripheral stress parameters
  10.3 Discussion
   10.3.1 Slow cortical potentials
   10.3.2 Frequency band EEG
   10.3.3 Peripheral parameters
  10.4 Conclusion
  References
Chapter 11 Effects of Altered Gravity on the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeleton, Cell Migration and Neurite Outgrowth
  11.1 Summary
  11.2 Introductory remarks
  11.3 Material and methods
   11.3.1 Cell transfection
   11.3.2 Cell culture and experiments with SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
   11.3.3 Cell migration experiments- Human carcinoma cell lines
   11.3.4 Scratch Migration Assay (SMA)
   11.3.5 Neurite outgrowth experiments-Primary cell culture of embryonic chicken spinal cord neurons
   11.3.6 Imunostaining of cells
   11.3.7 Staining of F-actin
   11.3.8 Microscopy and live imaging
  11.4 Results and discussion
   11.4.1 Effects of altered gravity on actin-driven lamellar protrusion of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
   11.4.2 Effect of altered gravity on the microtubule cytoskeleton of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
   11.4.3 Effects of altered gravity on cell migration
   11.4.4 Effects of altered gravity on the intensity and direction of neurite outgrowth
  References
Chapter 12 Discussion and Perspectives
  References
Index
Nonlinear Physicai Science
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