前辅文
1. Introduction
1.1 Environment and environmental problems
1.2 Environmental pollutants
1.2.1 Sources and categories of environmental pollutants
1.2.2 Properties of environmental pollutants
1.2.3 Typical environmental chemical pollutants
1.3 Modern environmental analytical chemistry
1.3.1 Introduction
1.3.2 Characteristics
1.3.3 Development of modern environmental analytical chemistry
1.4 Green analytical chemistry in environmental analysis
1.5 Fundamentals of trace analysis
1.5.1 Concentration unit
1.5.2 Evaluation parameters of trace analysis
1.5.3 Environmental reference material
1.6 Instrumental analytical methods for environmental analysis
1.6.1 Gas chromatography
1.6.2 Two-dimensional gas chromatography
1.6.3 High-performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography
1.6.4 Mass spectrometry
1.6.5 Hyphenated techniques
1.7 Nontarget analysis
1.8 Isotopic tracer technology
References
2. Pretreatment techniques for environmental samples
2.1 Extraction techniques
2.1.1 Solid-phase extraction
2.1.2 Magnetic solid-phase extraction
2.1.3 Solid-phase microextraction
2.1.4 Liquid-phase microextraction
2.1.5 Cloud point extraction
2.1.6 Microwave extraction
2.2 Headspace analysis
2.2.1 Static and dynamic headspace techniques
2.2.2 Headspace solid-phase microextraction
2.2.3 Application of headspace techniques
References
Further reading
3. Chemical speciation analysis
3.1 Chemical species and speciation analysis
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Basic concepts
3.2 Significance of speciation analysis
3.2.1 Significance in studying migration and transformation of pollutants
3.2.2 Significance in environmental toxicology research
3.3 Sample collection and storage
3.4 Electrochemical techniques for speciation analysis
3.5 Spectral techniques for speciation analysis
3.6 Mass spectrometry for speciation analysis
3.7 Speciation analysis of chromium
3.8 Speciation analysis of mercury
3.9 Speciation analysis of selenium
3.10 Speciation analysis of arsenic
3.10.1 Species of arsenic
3.10.2 HPLC ICP MS for arsenic speciation analysis
3.10.3 Nonchromatographic methods for arsenic speciation analysis
3.11 Speciation analysis of lead
3.12 Speciation analysis of cadmium
3.13 Speciation analysis of tin
References
4. Atmospheric environmental analysis
4.1 Introduction to atmospheric environmental chemistry
4.2 Sampling of gas analytes
4.2.1 Distribution of sampling points
4.2.2 Sampling techniques
4.3 Analysis of atmospheric particulate matter
4.4 Analysis of volatile organic compounds
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.2 Photoionization detector
4.4.3 Sensors for volatile organic compounds
4.5 Analysis of greenhouse gases
4.5.1 Greenhouse gases
4.5.2 Nondispersive infrared spectroscopy
4.5.3 Gas sensors for CO2 and CH4
4.6 Analysis of nitrogen oxides
4.7 Analysis of sulfur dioxide
4.8 Analysis of indoor air pollutants
References
5. Analysis of water pollutants
5.1 Water environmental chemistry
5.1.1 Introduction to natural water
5.1.2 Water pollution
5.2 Analysis of heavy metals
5.2.1 Spectroscopic methods
5.2.2 Electrochemical methods
5.3 Analysis of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances
5.4 Analysis of disinfection byproducts
5.5 Analysis of pharmaceuticals
5.6 Analysis of flame retardants
5.7 Analysis of artificial sweeteners
5.8 Analysis of antibiotic resistance genes
5.9 Analysis of pollutants in marine environment
5.9.1 Microplastics in marine
5.9.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy
5.9.3 Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry
References
Further reading
6. Analysis of soil pollutants and nutrients
6.1 Introduction to soil environmental chemistry
6.2 Soil sampling
6.3 Analysis of pesticides
6.4 Analysis of nitrate in soil
6.5 Analysis of nitrite
6.6 Analysis of phosphorus in soil
6.7 Analysis for heavy metals in soil
6.7.1 Wet digestion of soil samples
6.7.2 Microwave digestion of soil samples
6.7.3 Electrochemical techniques for heavy metals in soil
6.8 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
References
7. Sensing techniques for environmental pollutants
7.1 Electrochemical sensing techniques for environmental pollutants
7.1.1 Functional materials for electrochemical sensing
7.1.2 Paper-based electrochemical sensors
7.1.3 Three-dimensional-printed electrochemical sensors
7.2 Optical sensing techniques for environmental pollutants
7.2.1 General description
7.2.2 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
7.3 Biosensing techniques for environmental pollutants
7.3.1 Enzyme-based biosensor
7.3.2 Immunosensors
7.3.3 DNA biosensor
7.4 Application of smartphone in environmental analysis
7.5 Personal glucose monitor based sensing techniques
References
8. On-site rapid emergency analytical technology for environmental emergencies
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Analytical technology for environmental emergencies
8.2.1 Analysis based on sensory organ
8.2.2 Analysis based on detection tube
8.2.3 Analysis based on portable instruments
8.3 Portable gas chromatography
8.4 Portable gas chromatography mass spectrometer
8.5 Infrared spectroscopy
8.6 Unmanned systems
8.7 Methods and techniques for COVID-19 detection
8.7.1 Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
8.7.2 Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction
8.7.3 Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
8.7.4 Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples
8.7.5 CRISPR-Cas system
8.7.6 Non-nucleic acid-based methodology
References
Index
