前辅文
1 History of Higher Education
1.1 Higher Learning in Ancient Times
1.1.1 Confucius and His Private Academe
1.1.2 The Taixue (Institution of Supreme Learning) and Shuyuan (Academy or Scholarly Society)
1.2 Modern Higher Education
1.2.1 The Modern College in China
1.2.2 The Modern University in China
1.2.3 Modern Higher Education in the Republic of China (1911–1949)
1.3 Contemporary Higher Education
1.3.1 Higher Education in the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China (1949–1966)
1.3.2 Higher Education During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)
1.3.3 Higher Education in the New Era (Since 1978)
2 Structure of Higher Education
2.1 Forms
2.1.1 Forms of Higher Education
2.1.2 Forms of Ownership
2.2 Levels
2.3 Disciplines
2.4 Categories of Institutions
2.4.1 Discipline-Based Categories: Single-Discipline Institutions, Multidisciplinary Institutions, and Comprehensive Universities
2.4.2 Function-Based Categories: Teaching Institutions, Teaching-Research Institutions, and Research Universities
3 Higher Education Management
3.1 The Ownership System
3.2 The Administrative System
3.2.1 Administration of Higher Education
3.2.2 Decentralization of Higher Education Administration After 1985
3.2.3 Changes of Higher Education Coordination
3.3 The Funding System
3.3.1 Diversif ication of Higher Education Funding
3.3.2 Growth of Private Higher Education
3.3.3 Government Expenditure on Education
3.4 Planning and Evaluation
3.4.1 State Education Plans
3.4.2 Evaluation of Higher Education
3.5 The Organizational Management of HEIs
3.5.1 Organization and Structure of HEIs
3.5.2 Leadership System of HEIs
3.5.3 Rules and Regulations of HEIs
4 Admission and Graduate Employment
4.1 College Admission
4.1.1 Reforms of Admission
4.1.2 Forms of Admission
4.2 Postgraduate Admission
4.2.1 Master’s Admission
4.2.2 Doctoral Admission
4.3 Graduate Employment: Policy Changes and Current Situation
4.3.1 Policy Changes
4.3.2 Current Situation
5 Specialized Higher Education
5.1 Summary
5.1.1 Levels of Tertiary Education
5.1.2 Programs of Tertiary Education
5.2 Mission and Programs
5.3 Curriculum
5.3.1 Structure of the Curriculum
5.3.2 Sequence of Courses in the Curriculum
5.3.3 Degree of Control over Curricular Content102 5.4 Establishment and Adjustment of Specialties
5.5 Modes of Education
5.5.1 Alternative Work and Study Mode
5.5.2 College-Industry Collaborative Mode
5.5.3 Employment/Position-Oriented or Made-to-Order Mode
5.5.4 Platform plus Module Mode
5.5.5 Learning by Doing Mode
5.6 The Management System of Teaching
6 Undergraduate Education
6.1 Overview
6.2 Missions and Programs
6.3 Curriculum
6.3.1 Curriculum for Undergraduate Education Before 1985
6.3.2 Curriculum for Undergraduate Education After 1985
6.4 Establishment and Adjustment of Undergraduate Specialties
6.5 Modes of Education
6.6 The Management System of Teaching
7 Postgraduate Education
7.1 Overview
7.2 Academic Degrees System
7.2.1 Establishment of Academic Degrees Ordinance of the People’s Republic of China
7.2.2 Basic Characteristics of the Academic Degrees System
7.3 Master’s Degree Education144 7.3.1 Recent Developments
7.3.2 New Directions
7.4 Doctoral Education
7.4.1 Recent Developments
7.4.2 New Directions
8 Research in HEIs
8.1 Present Situation of Research in HEIs
8.1.1 The Research System in HEIs
8.1.2 Personnel Engaged in Research at HEIs
8.1.3 Research Capacity of HEIs
8.1.4 Social Contribution of Research Conducted by HEIs
8.2 Features of Research in HEIs
8.3 Organizational Structure of Research in HEIs
8.4 Operation Mechanism of Research in HEIs
9 Teaching Staff in HEIs
9.1 Composition of Teaching Staff in HEIs
9.2 Recruitment of Teaching Staff in HEIs
9.3 Assessment of Teaching Staff in HEIs
9.4 Compensation of Teaching Staff in HEIs
Appendixes
A: Higher Education Law of the People’s Republic of China181 iv Contents
B: Regulations on Academic Degrees of the People’s Republic of China
C: “211 Project” and “985 Project”
D: National Model Tertiary Vocational and Technical Colleges
E: The Websites for the Related Data on Chinese Higher Education
References
Index
